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Abstract Despite the extent use of geochemical tracers to track warm air mass origin reaching the Antarctic continent, we present here evidences that microorganisms being transported by the atmosphere and deposited in fresh snow layers of Antarctic ice sheets do act as tracers of air mass advection from the Southern Patagonia region to Northern Antarctic Peninsula. We combined atmospheric circulation data with microorganism content in snow/firn samples collected in two sites of the Antarctic Peninsula (King George Island/Wanda glacier and Detroit Plateau) by using flow cytometer quantification. In addition, we cultivated, isolated and submitted samples to molecular sequencing to precise species classification. Viable gram-positive bacteria were found and recovered in different snow/firn layers samples, among dead and living cells, their number concentration was compared to northern wind component, stable isotopes of oxygen, d18O, and the concentration of crustal elements (Fe, Ti and Ca). Use of satellite images combined with air mass back-trajectory analysis obtained from the NOAA/ HYSPLIT model corroborated the results.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320210807

Insights into Antarctic microbiomes: diversity patterns for terrestrial and marine habitats microbiomes
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BENDIA, AMANDA G.

; MOREIRA, JULIO CEZAR F.

; FERREIRA, JULIANA C.N.

; ROMANO, RENATO G.

; FERREIRA, IVAN G.C.

; FRANCO, DIEGO C.

; EVANGELISTA, HEITOR

; MONTONE, ROSALINDA C.

; PELLIZARI, VIVIAN HELENA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Supl. 3 elocation e20211442

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Microorganisms in Antarctica are recognized for having crucial roles in ecosystems functioning and biogeochemical cycles. To explore the diversity and composition of microbial communities through different terrestrial and marine Antarctic habitats, we analyze 16S rRNA sequence datasets from fumarole and marine sediments, soil, snow and seawater environments. We obtained measures of alpha- and beta-diversities, as well as we have identified the core microbiome and the indicator microbial taxa of a particular habitat. Our results showed a unique microbial community structure according to each habitat, including specific taxa composing each microbiome. Marine sediments harbored the highest microbial diversity among the analyzed habitats. In the fumarole sediments, the core microbiome was composed mainly of thermophiles and hyperthermophilic Archaea, while in the majority of soil samples Archaea was absent. In the seawater samples, the core microbiome was mainly composed by cultured and uncultured orders usually identified on Antarctic pelagic ecosystems. Snow samples exhibited common taxa previously described for habitats of the Antarctic Peninsula, which suggests long-distance dispersal processes occurring from the Peninsula to the Continent. This study contributes as a baseline for further efforts on evaluating the microbial responses to environmental conditions and future changes. cycles S environments alpha betadiversities, betadiversities beta diversities, diversities beta-diversities habitat absent longdistance long distance Continent changes

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320211442

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23022

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

Taxonomic and functional diversity from Antarctic ice-tephra microbial community: ecological insights and potential for bioprospection
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KINASZ, CAMILA T.

; KREUSCH, MARIANNE G.

; BENDIA, AMANDA G.

; PELLIZARI, VIVIAN H.

; DUARTE, RUBENS T.D.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Supl. 1 elocation e20210621

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Antarctic active volcanoes can disperse pyroclastic minerals at long distances, transporting nutrients and microorganisms to the surrounding glacial environment. The sedimented volcanic materials – called tephras – may interact with glacier ice and produce a unique environment for microbial life. This study aimed to describe the microbial community structure of an Antarctic glacier ice with tephra layers in terms of its taxonomic and functional diversity. Ice samples from Collins Glacier (King George Island) containing tephra layers of Deception Island volcano were analyzed by a whole shotgun metagenomic approach. Taxonomic analysis revealed a highly diverse community dominated by phyla Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. The dominant genera were Chitinophaga (13%), Acidobacterium (8%), and Cyanothece (4%), being all of these known to include psychrotolerant and psychrophilic strains. Functional diversity analysis revealed almost complete carbon, nitrogen and sulfur biogeochemical cycles. Carbohydrate metabolism of the ice-tephra community uses both organic and inorganic carbon inputs, where photosynthesis plays an important role through CO2 fixation. Our results also demonstrate a biotechnological potential for this glacial community, with functional annotations for styrene degradation and carotenoid pigment genes. Future metatranscriptomic studies shall further reveal the active strategies and the biotechnology potential of extremophiles from this unique ice-tephra microbial community.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210621

First description of archaeal communities in carbonate-rich seafloor and subseafloor sediments from the Southwestern Atlantic slope
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Bendia, Amanda Gonçalves

; Nakamura, Fernanda Mancini

; Butarelli, Ana Carolina de Araújo

; Kmit, Maria Carolina Pezzo

; Ramos, Raissa Basti

; Signori, Camila Negrão

; Lourenço, Rafael Andre

; Mahiques, Michel Michaelovitch de

; Sumida, Paulo Yukio Gomes

; Pellizari, Vivian Helena

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 Supl. 2 elocation e22047

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Deep-sea sediments comprise one of the largest habitats on Earth. The archaeal groups contribute to a large fraction of the deep-sea benthic biomass, playing a key role in biogeochemical cycles. However, their diversity in deep-sea benthic ecosystems remains poorly understood, mostly because only recently novel taxa have been proposed, thus remodeling the phylogenetic tree. Despite the dificulty in obtaining cultivated representatives, the metabolic capabilities of archaea have lately been described through metagenomic data, indicating that archaeal taxa are highly versatile. Here, we aimed to reveal the diversity of archaeal communities in surface (0 to 15 cm depth) and subsurface (200 cm depth) sediments from a carbonate-rich region in the Southwestern Atlantic upper slope. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and found that the archaeal composition in surface sediments was mainly dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea within Nitrososphaeria class. The distribution of Nitrososphaeria ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) indicates the presence of several species or ecotypes. Contrastingly, the subsurface sediment was dominated by uncultivated anaerobic and poorly known archaea, including representatives of all supergroups (Asgard, TACK, DPANN and Euryarchaeota). These archaea have been described as having potentially diverse metabolic capabilities, including autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways, such as acetogenesis, methylotrophy, and degradation of labile and recalcitrant organic compounds. This indicates an important role in the remineralization of organic matter in the SW (Southwest) Atlantic slope. They are likely enriched due to the transport and mixing of sediments by the IWBC (Intermediate Western Boundary Current) along the continental slope. However, further studies are needed to reveal the geochemical and oceanographic drivers of the archaeal distribution. This study provides the first description of the archaeal communities in carbonate-rich sediments in the SW Atlantic slope, and adds new biodiversity insights to this geological feature, which is considered a vulnerable marine ecosystem, thus helping for future conservation strategies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.22134agb

Seep hunting in the Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic: sampling strategy and employed methods of the multidisciplinary cruise BIOIL 1
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Sumida, Paulo Y. G.

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Lourenço, Rafael A.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Bendia, Amanda G.

; Carrerette, Orlemir

; Nakamura, Fernanda M.

; Ramos, Raissa B.

; Bergamo, Gilberto

; Souza, Bruno H. M.

; Butarelli, Ana C. A.

; Passos, Júlia G.

; Dias, Rodolfo J. S.

; Maly, Mascimiliano

; Banha, Thomás N. S.

; Güth, Arthur Z.

; Soares, Luiza F.

; Perugino, Paula D. N.

; Santos, Felipe R.

; Santana, Frederico R.

; Mahiques, Michel M. de

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 Supl. 2 elocation e22031

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The continental margin off the southeastern Brazilian coast is punctuated by a series of geological-geomorphological features, such as subsurface saline diapirs and pockmarks at the seafloor interface, which evidence the abundant presence of oil and gas in the region. In several of these sites, hydrocarbons can be naturally released into the water column, areas are cold seep areas. These are marked by the presence of oil- and gas-dependent ecosystems, where specific organisms are able to fix carbon from hydrocarbon chemosynthesis. In addition, light hydrocarbon fluid flow through the sediment may build up authigenic carbonates that can be further colonized by cold-water corals, generating large carbonate mounds over geological time, normally positioned at the border of these pockmark features. The present work reports on a multidisciplinary oceanographic cruise carried out in the Santos Basin, SW Atlantic, to seek, map, and collect geological, chemical, and biological data from different deep-sea habitats. The cruise occurred in November 2019 on the R/V Alpha Crucis of the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP). We intended to discover and detail different geomorphological features, characterize free-living and symbiotic microorganisms, determine the chemosynthetic rates in relation to heterotrophic microbial production, and characterize the fauna and study their ecological and evolutionary links within and across ocean basins. All discoveries made during the cruise and their respective results will be presented separately in several papers that comprise this special volume.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.22077pygs

Methane-related community of a carbonate-enriched pockmark, Brazilian Southeastern continental slope
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Nakamura, Fernanda Mancini

; Lourenço, Rafael Andre

; Magalhães, Caio Augusto

; Bendia, Amanda Gonçalves

; Butarelli, Ana Carolina de Araújo

; Passos, Julia Gasparini

; Soares, Luiza Ferreira

; Ramos, Raissa Basti

; Trevizani, Tailisi Hoppe

; Signori, Camila Negrão

; Mahiques, Michel Michaelovitch de

; Sumida, Paulo Yukio Gomes

; Pellizari, Vivian Helena

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 Supl. 2 elocation e22046

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Pockmarks are geological features that often sustain hydrocarbon-related communities of microorganisms when active, seeping oil or methane. Microbial communities of inactive pockmarks have not been well studied until the present. Plenty of pockmarks in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean have been discovered. However, no information is available about the organic characteristics in association with the microbial diversity related to methane and non-methane hydrocarbon consumption. This study examined the identity and potential ecology of the methane-related microbial community in an inactive SW Atlantic Carbonate-enriched Pockmark (SWACP). Undisturbed sediment cores were enriched with CH4 99.5% at 5°C, with samples harvested at 16h, 120h, 240h, 720h, and 960h, followed by metataxonomics functional prediction, and the correlation of microbial groups with incubation and enrichment types. The SWACP is depleted in organic compounds, and chemosynthetic production is dominant. Incubated mini-cores of sediment were affected by incubation time and enrichment type, which influenced the microbial composition. Although several taxa were shared among all sediment samples, specific groups per enrichment type and incubation time were observed. These communities comprised taxa previously reported in marine bottom waters, carbonate crusts, active cold-seeps, and inactive pockmarks. The methane-enriched taxa were predominantly related to aerobic methanotrophy, methylotrophy, aerobic and anaerobic non-methane hydrocarbon degradation, and fermentation. This study brings the first survey of the key microbial groups in methane fluxes of a Brazilian deep-sea pockmark, providing data for understanding the ecology surrounding the SW Atlantic gas field areas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.22071fmn

Contribution of chemoautotrophy and heterotrophy to the microbial carbon cycle in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
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Passos, Julia Gasparini

; Soares, Luiza Ferreira

; Sumida, Paulo Yukio Gomes

; Bendia, Amanda Gonçalves

; Nakamura, Fernanda Mancini

; Pellizari, Vivian Helena

; Signori, Camila Negrão

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 Supl. 2 elocation e22044

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Dark carbon fixation (DCF) is a source of new and labile carbon in the deep ocean, while heterotrophic microbial production (HMP) promotes organic matter transfer through the microbial loop. Despite their ecological relevance, there is a scientific gap regarding the estimates of DCF and HMP in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of DCF and HMP; their relevance to the ocean carbon cycle; their relationship with environmental parameters and amongst themselves on the upper slope of Santos Basin. The samples were collected at three different water depths and sediment layers aboard the R/V Alpha Crucis in November 2019. DCF and HMP rates were measured by 14C-bicarbonate and 3H-leucine incorporation, respectively, and incubated in the dark. In the water column, DCF rates varied from 1.51 x 101 to 3.24 x 102 µg C m-3 h-1, which were one to two orders of magnitude lower than the HMP rates, from 1.26 x 102 to 1.48 x 104 µg C m-3 h-1. In the sediments, the DCF ranged from 1.15 x 104 to 1.83 x 105 µg C m-3 h-1, while HMP was one to four orders of magnitude lower, 3.22 x 101 to 1.56 x 103 µ gC m-3 h-1. DCF rates were significantly higher in the sediments, due to a higher availability of energy sources than in the oligotrophic water above. The HMP had higher rates in the water column as it is deeply dependent on organic matter derived from photosynthesis. This is the first study to investigate DCF and HMP considering the water column and sediments of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, thus contributing to a better understanding of the microbial role in the marine carbon cycle and ecosystem functioning.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.22137jgp

Rumen microbial diversity under influence of a polyclonal antibody preparation against lactate-producing and proteolytic bacteria in cows fed different energy sources
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Otero, Walter Guimarães

; Marino, Carolina Tobias

; Barreto, Cristine Chaves

; Pellizari, Vivian Helena

; Millen, Danilo Domingues

; Pacheco, Rodrigo Dias Lauritano

; Ferreira, Fernanda Altieri

; Dicostanzo, Alfredo

; Arrigoni, Mário de Beni

; Rodrigues, Paulo Henrique Mazza

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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Jun 2012, Volume 13 Nº 2 Páginas 491 - 502

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Nove fêmeas bovinas canuladas no rúmen alimentadas com diferentes fontes energéticas foram utilizadas para avaliar um preparado de anticorpos policlonais aviário contra bactérias ruminais específicas e monensina na diversidade da comunidade microbiana. O design experimental foi três quadrados latinos 3 x 3 distintos pela principal fonte energética na dieta [milho seco e moído, silagem de grão úmido de milho ou polpa cítrica]. Dentro de cada quadrado latino, os animais receberam um dos aditivos alimentares [controle, monensina ou preparado de anticorpos policlonais]. Cada período teve duração de 21 dias onde 20 dias foram utilizados para adaptação aos tratamentos e o último dia para colheita das amostras. A diversidade microbiana foi avaliada pela contagem de protozoários e pela técnica da eletroforese em gel com gradiente desnaturante. Anticorpos policlonais adicionado a polpa cítrica na dieta resultou em um aumento na contagem relativa de Isotricha o que pode indicar um efeito sobre esta população de ciliado ruminal. Em linhas gerais, no presente estudo, não foi possível determinar um padrão nas estruturas de amplificação das comunidades Bacteria e Archaea do conteúdo ruminal. A imunização passiva oral é uma tecnologia que surge como alternativa eficiente para a produção de aditivos alimentares. Novas pesquisas são ainda necessárias para melhor compreender seu mecanismo de ação.

Nine ruminally cannulated cows fed different energy sources were used to evaluate an avianderived polyclonal antibody preparation against specific ruminal bacteria and monensin on microbial community diversity. The experimental design was three Latin squares 3 x 3 distinguished by the main energy source in the diet [dry-ground corn grain, high moisture corn silage or citrus pulp]. Inside each Latin square, animals received one of the feed additives per period [control, monensin or polyclonal antibody preparation]. Each period lasted 21 days where 20 were used for treatments adaptation and the last one for sampling collection. Microbial diversity was evaluated by protozoa counts and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Polyclonal antibodies plus citrus pulp (CiPu) addition in the diet resulted in an increase of relative counting of Isotricha protozoa that indicates a possible effect on this ruminal ciliate population. In general lines, in the present experiment, it was not possible to assign that there was a pattern in the structures of amplification of Bacteria and Archaea communities of the ruminal content. Oral passive immunization is a technology that arises as an effective alternative for feed additive production. Further research is still necessary to better understand its mechanisms of action.

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10.

Functional diversity of bacterial genes associated with aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in anthropogenic dark earth of Amazonia
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Germano, Mariana Gomes

; Cannavan, Fabiana de Souza

; Mendes, Lucas William

; Lima, Amanda Barbosa

; Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes

; Pellizari, Vivian Helena

; Tsai, Siu Mui

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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Mai 2012, Volume 47 Nº 5 Páginas 654 - 664

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade de genes catabólicos quanto à degradação bacteriana de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos, em solos de terra preta de índio (TPI) e seu "biochar" (BC). Análises da diversidade funcional em solos TPI podem fornecer dados sobre como os microrganismos adaptativos podem influenciar a fertilidade dos solos e qual é sua participação nos ciclos biogeoquímicos. Para isso, foram construídas bibliotecas que continham o gene que codifica a subunidade alfa de dioxigenases aromáticas (α-ARHD gene bacteriano), no total de 800 clones. Estas bibliotecas foram preparadas a partir de amostras de um solo TPI localizado na Estação Experimental do Caldeirão, sob dois diferentes usos da terra - floresta secundária (SF) e agricultura (AG) - e de "biochar" (SF_BC e AG_BC, respectivamente). Os estimadores de heterogeneidade apresentaram maior diversidade nas bibliotecas BC, e o diagrama de Venn mostrou mais famílias proteicas operacionais (OPC) únicas na biblioteca SF_BC do que o solo TPI, o que indica que processos metabólicos específicos podem ocorrer no "biochar". A análise filogenética mostrou dioxigenases ainda não identificadas em solos de TPI. Bibliotecas para o gene funcional da subunidade alfa de dioxigenases aromáticas (ARHD) obtidas do "biochar", mostraram maiores índices de diversidade do que as da TPI sob floresta secundária ou agricultura.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the catabolic gene diversity for the bacterial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in anthropogenic dark earth of Amazonia (ADE) and their biochar (BC). Functional diversity analyses in ADE soils can provide information on how adaptive microorganisms may influence the fertility of soils and what is their involvement in biogeochemical cycles. For this, clone libraries containing the gene encoding for the alpha subunit of aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases (α-ARHD bacterial gene) were constructed, totaling 800 clones. These libraries were prepared from samples of an ADE soil under two different land uses, located at the Caldeirão Experimental Station - secondary forest (SF) and agriculture (AG) -, and the biochar (SF_BC and AG_BC, respectively). Heterogeneity estimates indicated greater diversity in BC libraries; and Venn diagrams showed more unique operational protein clusters (OPC) in the SF_BC library than the ADE soil, which indicates that specific metabolic processes may occur in biochar. Phylogenetic analysis showed unidentified dioxygenases in ADE soils. Libraries containing functional gene encoding for the alpha subunit of the aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases (ARHD) gene from biochar show higher diversity indices than those of ADE under secondary forest and agriculture.

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11.

Detection of Legionella pneumophila in water and biofilm samples by culture and molecular methods from man-made systems in São Paulo - Brazil
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Carvalho, Fábio R.S.

; Foronda, Annette S.

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Dez 2007, Volume 38 Nº 4 Páginas 743 - 751

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Legionella pneumophila é uma bactéria patogênica associada à habitats aquáticos de ambientes naturais e artificiais. Casos clínicos de legionelose têm sido descritos no Brasil, mas a incidência e concentração desta bactéria em fontes ambientais ainda são pouco conhecidas. Assim, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a ocorrência de bactérias do gênero Legionella na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando diferentes métodos de isolamento e identificação. Sessenta e sete amostras de água e biofilme de reservatórios naturais e sistemas artificiais de climatização de ambientes interiores foram coletadas e analisadas quanto à presença de Legionella spp por métodos de cultivo em meio-de-cultura seletivo, cocultivo com amebas de vida livre axênicas e ensaios de imunofluorescência direta (IFD). Os resultados demonstraram que bactérias do gênero Legionella não foram detectadas em reservatórios naturais de água, Legionella pneumophila foi isolada de sistemas artificiais de climatização, com predominância de cepas de Legionella pneumophila sorogrupo 1. Apesar de não ter havido diferença estatística significante entre os métodos de detecção propostos, o método de cultivo em placa produziu o melhor resultado quanto ao número de amostras positivas para L. pneumophila, seguido do procedimento de cocultivo com amebas e ensaio de imunofluorescência direta. Os resultados das reações de PCR e sequenciamento revelaram que a aplicação do gene potencializador de infecção em macrófagos como marcador molecular foi um importante implemento na identificação de isolados ambientais de L. pneumophila. A concordância existente entre os três métodos de detecção - quando todos os métodos produziram resultados similares - e a prevalência de uma espécie de Legionella nos sistemas artificiais amostrados poderia sugerir que a ocorrência desta bactéria tenha sido influenciada pela maior concentração de íons metálicos dissociados na água daqueles sistemas do que nos reservatórios naturais. Assim, os resultados deste estudo revelaram que a água proveniente dos sistemas artificiais de climatização de ambientes interiores pode servir como reservatório de L. pneumophila e outros microrganismos, incluindo protozoários de vida livre.

Legionella pneumophila is a pathogenic bacteria associated to aquatic habitat of natural and artificial environments. Clinical cases of legionellosis have been reported in Brazil but there is a lack of information about the incidence and concentration of this bacterium in environmental sources. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of legionellae in São Paulo city, Brazil, using different methods of detection and identification. Sixty-seven water and biofilm samples from natural reservoirs and man-made systems were collected and analyzed for the presence of Legionella spp by culturing onto a selective medium, coculture in axenic free-living amoebae and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay. Results showed that freshwater of reservoirs did not contain legionellae, Legionella pneumophila was isolated from man-made systems, with predominance of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strains. Although there was no statistical difference among the proposed detection methods, the plate culture method yielded a higher number of L. pneumophila positive samples, followed by amoebic coculture procedure and direct fluorescent antibody assay. Results of PCR and sequencing reactions revealed that application of macrophage infectivity potentiator gene as a molecular marker was an important tool for the identification of environmental isolates of L. pneumophila. The agreement among the three detection methods-when all methods yielded similar results- and the prevalence of a single Legionella species in the sampled man-made systems could suggest that the occurrence of this bacterium had been influenced by the higher concentration of metallic ions dissociated in water of those systems than in natural reservoirs. Thus, the results of this study revealed that the water of man-made systems in Sao Paulo may serve as a reservoir for L. pneumophila and other microorganism, including free-living protozoans.

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12.

Sterols and fecal indicator microorganisms in sediments from Admiralty Bay, Antarctica
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Martins, César de Castro

; Montone, Rosalinda Carmela

; Gamba, Rosa Carvalho

; Pellizari, Vivian Helena

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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Jun 2005, Volume 53 Nº 1-2 Páginas 1 - 12

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Amostras de sedimento, coletadas nas proximidades da saída de esgoto da Estação Antártica Comandante Ferraz (Brasil), Antártica, foram medidos durante o verão de 1999/2000. As concentrações de esteróis totais e coprostanol variaram entre 0,09 e 19,6 ¼g.g-1 e < 0,01 e 14,0 ¼g.g-1 de sedimento seco. Nossas análises mostraram que apenas os pontos localizados até 400 m desde a saída de esgotos apresentaram contribuições provenientes do esgoto da estação brasileira. Baixos níveis de coprostanol e alta concentração de colesterol em pontos distantes puderam ser atribuídos a fontes naturais, como os mamíferos marinhos e organismos planctônicos. Indicadores microbiológicos (E. coli, streptococci fecais e Clostridium perfringens) não foram detectados até 50 m desde a saída de esgotos. Ambos indicadores de poluição fecal produziram dados consistentes, embora os esteróis fecais tenham sido mais apropriados para avaliar quantidades traço de material fecal. Este estudo concluiu que a contaminação por esgotos está limitada apenas aos pontos mais próximos da saída de esgoto. Em geral, as concentrações de esteróis fecais e indicadores microbiológicos foram menores do que em outras regiões antárticas e centros urbanos.

Sediments from the proximity of Ferraz station outfall, located in Admiralty Bay, Antarctica, were analyzed for fecal indicator microorganisms and sterols during the austral summer of 1999/2000 in order to assess human sewage input. Concentrations of total sterols and coprostanol ranged from 0.09 to 19.6 ¼g.g-1 and < 0.01 and 14.0 ¼g.g-1 dry weight (dw), respectively. Our analyses indicated that only sites within to 400m of the sewage outfall exhibited a sterol signal characteristic of human sewage input. Low levels of coprostanol and high levels of cholesterol in distant sites could be attributed to natural sources such as marine mammals and planktonic organisms. Fecal indicator microorganisms (E. coli, fecal streptococci and Clostridium perfringens) were non-detectable beyond 50m from outfall. Both indicators (sterols and fecal indicator microorganisms) produced consistent data and fecal sterol parameters have sho wn themselves to be efficient in the evaluation of trace amounts of fecal material. This study concluded that sewage contamination is limited to the immediate vicinity of the sewage outfall. In general, the concentration of fecal sterols and microbiological indicators were lower than in other Antarctic areas.

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13.

Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts in raw sewage and creek water in the city of São Paulo, Brazil
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Farias, Eveline Wilma Coutinho

; Gamba, Rosa C.

; Pellizari, Vivian Helena

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Jan 2002, Volume 33 Nº 1 Páginas 41 - 43

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O protozoário Cryptosporidium é um importante patógeno contaminante de água, causador de surtos de gastroenterite em vários países. Na tentativa de compreender e monitorar o significado desse patógeno em amostras ambientais, vários métodos foram desenvolvidos para o isolamento e identificação de oocistos de Cryptosporidium. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a primeira investigação da presença de oocistos de Cryptosporidium em águas de esgoto e de córrego no município de São Paulo. Os oocistos foram concentrados por floculação e por filtração em membrana. Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium em todas as amostras analisadas, indicando um potencial risco de disseminação desse patógeno no ambiente aquático e também na comunidade.

The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium has emerged as one of the most important contaminants of water, causing waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis worldwide. To monitor and understand the public health significance of this pathogen in environmental samples, several methods have been developed to isolate and detect Cryptosporidium oocysts. The purpose of this study was to perform the first investigation on the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in raw sewage and creek water in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The oocysts were concentrated by flocculation and membrane filtration. The results showed the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in all wastewater samples analyzed, indicating a possible risk for dissemination of these pathogens in aquatic environment and in the community.

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14.

Qualidade bacteriológica de águas subterrâneas em cemitérios
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Martins, Maria Therezinha

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Pacheco, Alberto

; Myaki, Débora M.

; Adams, Cristina

; Bossolan, Nelma R. S.

; Mendes, José M. B.

; Hassuda, Seiju

Revista de Saúde Pública

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Fev 1991, Volume 25 Nº 1 Páginas 47 - 52

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Foram analisadas amostras de águas subterrâneas de três cemitérios localizados em áreas geologicamente distintas de São Paulo e de Santos, Brasil, com relação às condições higiênicas e sanitárias. Para as primeiras foram considerados os coliformes totais, bactérias heterotróficas, microrganismos proteolíticos e lipolíticos. Para as sanitárias foram pesquisados coliformes fecais, estreptococos fecais, clostrídios sulfito redutores, colifagos e salmonelas. Verificou-se que as águas não apresentaram condições higiênicas satisfatórias e, em alguns casos, foram encontrados niveis altos de nitrato (75,7 mg/l). A deteção de níveis mais elevados de estreptococos fecais e de clostrídios sulfito redutores em relação aos coliformes fecais, na maior parte das amostras, parece mostrar que os dois primeiros indicadores seriam mais adequados para avaliação das condições sanitárias deste tipo de água. Foi detectada Salmonella apenas em uma amostra e não foram detectados colifagos. Na análise estatística, foram encontradas correlações significantes entre três indicadores de poluição fecal assim como entre as contagens em placas de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias, anaeróbias e lipolíticas. Foi observada uma relação direta entre a deterioração da qualidade da água e as condições geológicas e hidrogeológicas do ambiente estudado, devendo este fator ser considerado para o planejamento e implantação de cemitérios.

Groundwater samples collected by piezometers from three cemiteries in geologically distinct areas of S. Paulo and Santos, Brazil, were analysed in order to determine their hygienic and sanitary conditions. Fecal coliformes, fecal streptococci, sulfite reducer clostridia and Salmonella were searched for the purpose of evaluating sanitary conditions, and total coliforms, heterotrophic bacteria, proteolitic and lipoli-tic microorganisms for evaluating hygienic conditions. In some samples, nitrate levels were also determined. It was discovered that these waters do not present adequate sanitary and higienic conditions and that, in some cases, nitrate levels were extremelly high (75.7 mg/l). In most samples, higher levels of fecal streptococci and sufite reducer clostridia than fecal coliforms were detected, which seems to show that the two former indicators would be more appropriate for evaluating the sanitary conditions of this kind of water. Salmonella were detected in only one of 44 samples analysed and coliphages in none. In the stastistical analysis, the correlation matrix showed significant correlations among three fecal pollution indicators, as well as among anaerobic and aerobic heterotrophs and lipolitic bacteria. A direct relationship between the deterioration of water quality and the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the environment studied was observed. When cemiteries are constructed these conditions should, therefore, be taken into consideration.

7570 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

15.

Qualidade bacteriológica de águas subterrâneas em cemitérios
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Martins, Maria Therezinha

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Pacheco, Alberto

; Myaki, Débora M.

; Adams, Cristina

; Bossolan, Nelma R. S.

; Mendes, José M. B.

; Hassuda, Seiju

Revista de Saúde Pública

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Fev 1991, Volume 25 Nº 1 Páginas 47 - 52

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

1720 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

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